The Excretory System
Diseases and Disorders of the Excretory System
There are many problems, disorders, and diseases that the Excretory System is beset by, but the most common of these problems occur in the kidneys and urethra. Two of the most common of these problems are kidney stones and Pyelonephritis.
Kidney stones, like those shown in the picture at the right, are hard masses of crystallized matter that has been filtered out of the urine in the kidneys. Kidney stones are made of calcium, uric acid, or struvite; all of which are materials that pass through the kidneys. Doctors and medical experts are unsure of what causes people to have kidney stones, but individuals with certain genetic problems, kidney disorders, and urinary tract infections are more at risk for kidney stones than others. Symptoms of having a kidney stone include extreme pain in the lower abdominal region, cramping in the lower back and abdomen, nausea, and vomiting. Most small kidney stones can be passed out of the body through the urethra by increasing your daily fluid intake to two to three quarts. However, kidney stones that are unable to be passed must be surgically removed.
Source: http://iahealth.net/can-kidney-stones-be-helped-with-fruit-juices/
Pyelonephritis is an infection caused by bacteria that enters the body through the urinary tract and travels to the kidney. This disease, if left untreated, such as in the kidney shown on the right, will eventually cause permanent kidney damage and blood infections. symptoms of Pyelonephritis include fever, pain in the groin, abdominal pain, frequent urination, burning during urination, and blood in urine. Treatment for this disease is usually found in the form of antibiotics. In sever cases of the disease, the antibotics must be delivered directly into the body in a hospital.
Source: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_uiyskjNZYt8/TKIFVXQ_n-I/AAAAAAAACJg/FngT1TmXae4/s1600/acute+pyelonephritis.jpg